The Pentathlon - The Ancient Events Versus The Present Essay

The History of the pentathlon The history of the pentathlon stems from the complete physical training of the Greeks. The pentathlete was the product of training in five events, unlike those athletes who were trained in specialized areas. It began as an athletic competition to determine the best all-around athlete. The pentathlon was introduced into the Olympic Games around 708 B.C. Each pentathlete was superior in strength and activity, which was the ideal physical beauty. The ideal pentathlete should be tall, well built, long legs, flexible hips, and preferably with long hands and fingers. In the ancient pentathlon, not only were women excluded from participating in the events, but they were also not allowed to†¦show more content†¦The military adopted this sport as a part of final examinations at a number military academies. The afternoon of the second day was devoted to the pentathlon. All events were held in the Stadium, with the probable exception of wrestling. From late in the 6th century B.C., all contestants were naked and barefoot as they competed. The number of entrants was small and it was not uncommon for some to drop out while others were eliminated in contest. Victory was not calculated by points. If anyone was first in three events, he was proclaimed the winner. If this did not occur, the field was slowly reduced until the wrestling event, where the only competitors were those who had placed where in the earlier events and therefore had a chance to win. In the modern day Olympics, this pentathlon is open only to men. There are pentathlons open for women at the world level, but not in the Olympics. There are many other pentathlons besides this one, such as the track and field pentathlon. Ancient Events The Jumping Event The jump, or halma, was an event in the ancient pentathlon, that could be called a long jump. It was regarded as a very strenuous exercise and as the most typical event of the pentathlon. This event was derived from warfare practices, because the terrain in Greece was made of streams and ditches. The athletes used halteres, or jumping weights. The

My Life Changing Event Up Essay - 805 Words

April Lecroy July 6 2015 My Life Changing event Up until about four years ago I would have listed any number of things from surviving child abuse at the hands of my psychotic uncle, to being a battered wife, the birth of my children, or having them kidnapped and fighting the local authorities to getting them home safe as my most lief changing event. All of that did play a part in making me the person I am today, but I have to say that the one thing that changed my life more than anything was watching my mother as cancer claimed her life. My mother was my best friend. I came home from the hospital on her 17th birthday, so growing up she was more like a sister than a mother. I was raised by my grandparents, so she was the cool big sister in my life. It wasn t until after my grandmother passed away that she ever really became a â€Å"mom†. She never was like a parental authority in my life, she was always just there. My brother was her â€Å"golden child† who could do no w rong, even though I gave up everything to care for her when she got sick, he was the one who abandoned her in her time of need. I was helping my son with a homework project when I got a phone call saying my mom had been in a car accident about a mile up the road. Her oxygen tank had ran out and she was trying to change it while trying to drive. She hit a telephone pole and went airborne, jumped a bank and almost hit a building. I grabbed my son, my phone and my keys and went out the door, calling my brother on the way.Show MoreRelatedReflecting on the Past: Brainstorming Activity647 Words   |  3 PagesPSY202: Adult Development and Life Assessment 1 September 2014 Reflecting on the Past: Brainstorming Activity Growing up and all through life you experience life changing events, some are positive and some are negative, but they all have a direct effect on your life. 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Corporate Reporting of Greenhouse Gas †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Reporting of Greenhouse Gas. Answer: Introduction: In Sydneys Imperial Arcade, Woolworths Stupendous Bargain Basement was opened on December 5th 1924, for business. According to the founding CEO of Woolworths Every city needs a Woolworths: Sydney has it now. Every man, woman and child needs a handy place where good things are cheap, but he did not know that words said by him become the part of team values after 92 years. Woolworths team never intends to develop this business into a chain but after the opening of store on Queen Street in Brisbane, they are ready to develop chain. During the period of depression, businesses are breaking down in the world but situations are different in case of Woolworths because of continuous growth of business. After this success, Woolworths opened new store in 1929 in New Zealand, and by the year 1930 Woolworths opened 16 stores across the New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia (Woolworths n.d.). The main goal of the company is to put its customer first, across all the brands of the company, and for achieving this goal five priorities are set by the company that is: Company focus on building a customer, culture related to store-led, and team. Company wants to generate sustainable sales in food products. Company try to evolve the business related to drinks for the purpose of providing value and convenience to customers. Portfolio business of the company is empowered by management for the purpose of implementing strategies and delivering shareholders value. Company intends to become a retailer by developing their system excellence and end-to-end process (Woolworths, n.d.). Industry in which Woolworths operate: Woolworths group operates in retailing sector such as Woolworths operates food group, endeavor drinks, and other portfolio businesses. Woolworths Food group includes many programs such as Rewards, Woolworths supermarket, countdown, and Thomas dux. Endeavour drinks include BWS, Dan Murphys, and cellarmasters. Lastly, portfolio business of Woolworths includes Big W, EziBuy, and Hotels (Woolworths, n.d.). Number of staff in Australia: in Australia, Woolworths is the largest supermarket chain which was operating almost 961 stores across Australia. Woolworths employed almost 111000 employees in their stores, distribution centers, and support offices for the purpose of providing best services and convenience to the customers (Woolworthss, n.d.). Number of staff at global level: company employed almost 205000 employees at global level in almost 3000 or more stores who serves almost 29 million customers every week (Woolworths, n.d.). Location of headquarters: Companies headquarter is situated in Bella Vista, Australia. Policies and regulatory frameworks are applied by Australian governments for the purpose of reducing emissions, before more than 2 decades. These regulatory frameworks state the standards for labeling as well as for minimum performance, and it also set codes and restriction on land clearing. A diversified range of trading schemes has been implemented for the purpose of promoting renewable energy, reductions related to emissions in land sector, efficient use of energy, and general emissions reduction. Australian government passed legislation in 2011 for the purpose of creating carbon pricing mechanism which is also known as a cap-and-trade emissions trading scheme. The intention of government behind this is to repel the legislation, and implementation of direct action plan. The main provision of this plan is Emissions Reduction Fund, which is used to purchase emissions reductions through a reverse auction. Government introduces the policy initiatives in Australia for reducing emission s. These policy initiatives states the policy measures for addressing the issues related to climate change, describe the policies related to climate change which are existing in Australia for reducing emissions, and it states the new policies proposed by government of Australia (Australian Government, n.d.). At the time when National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Cth) (NGER Act) was introduced by the government, already 15 Federal and state Australian schemes exist in Australia, and these schemes state the obligation require of reporting of data related to emissions. Nine federal and state schemes out of these 15 schemes require compulsory reporting. Many reasons are there which put pressure on government or policy makers for framing policy related to effective climate change, and these are described here: in 1988, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by government, and it is recognized as scientific body by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program for the purpose of providing information on climate change science. In 1990, first assessment report issued by IPCC result in formation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as the global body for the purpose of introducing greenhouse gas emi ssions and obligations related to international reporting. This agreement was signed by the parties at the Rio de Janeiro Summit in 1992 and in 1994 it is entered into force in Australia (Wit Coonam, 2008). Government introduced legislation related to Clean Energy Future Package in 2011, and named as The Clean Energy Act 2011 (Cth). This Act was established for achieving the long term goals such as reduce emission by 80% by 2050, and also contributes at global level in limiting the global warming to no more than 2 degrees above pre industrial level. Other major elements of this Act states carbon price that covers almost half of Australias emissions, and it also include the CFI under which incentives are provided to those who reduces emissions in the land sector. A broader suit of initiatives related to particular sector are also introduced in the Act, and important role is played by local and state governments at all levels such as these governments implemented land use controls, energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. RET, CFI, and carbon pricing mechanism are the main legislated tools conducted at Commonwealth Government level. These stated policies and some other policies ar e applied on these particular activities, and these policies are stated below: Renewable Energy Target- the main purpose of this policy is to manage the investment in renewable energy, and it also creates the guaranteed market for those renewables which are using a tradable certificate scheme for the purpose of arranging both large scale projects as well as small scale projects. Carbon pricing mechanism- in 2012, operation related to this policy has begun in 2012, and as per the requirements of this policy it is necessary for largest greenhouse gas emitters in Australia to report and these policies also held them legally liable for such emissions, and if any reduction is done by anization then incentives has been given to them (Neilson, n.d.). Following are some international treaties and agreements which affected the products and services of Woolworths Group: UNFCCC- In 1992, members of UN created the most important treaty at international level related to climate change known as The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC). The main aim of this treaty is to stabilize the atmosphere from greenhouse gas concentrations at that level so that it will be able to prevent the climate system from dangerous anthropogenic interference. For individual countries no limits related to greenhouse gas emissions are set up by the treaty, and this treaty does not contain any enforcement mechanism. In such case. This treaty is not considered as binding treaty at legal level, but still parties of this treaty has to submit national inventories related to greenhouse gases emissions. However, this treaty provides framework which deals with the negotiation of specific international treaties known as protocols, and these protocols set binding limits on greenhouse gases. Out of these protocols, there is one protocol known as Kyoto Pro tocol and it was signed in 1995. Kyoto protocol states obligations on developed countries for reducing their greenhouse gas emissions (Carbon Expert, n.d.). Cancum Agreements: these agreements are the set of significant decisions made by the community set up at international level for the purpose of addressing the long term challenges related to climate change from time to time, and it also state the provisions related to take stipulated action for providing global response. This agreement was introduced on 11th December 2010 in Cancun, Mexico at United Nations Climate Change Conference. This conference represents the future plans for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions and it also state plans for helping the developing nations from impacts of climate change and build sustainable future for them. The main aim of this agreement is stated below: This agreement stated the clear goal for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions generated by human beings over time for the purpose of keeping the average temperature at global level below two degrees. This agreement encourages the all countries to participate in reducing these emissions by imposing different responsibilities on each country on the basis of countrys capabilities. This agreement ensures transparency at international level related to the actions taken by the countries, and it also ensures the progress at global level for the purpose of reviewing the goal on timely basis. Cancum agreements mobilize the development and transfer of clean technology for the purpose of boosting efforts related to climate change by getting it to the right place at right time and for the best effect. These agreements provide funds to the developing countries in short term and long term, so that they can take effective actions and achieve the goal set by the company. These agreements assist the important people at global level for adopting the inevitable impacts related to climate change. It helps in protecting the forests at global level because forests are major repository of carbon, and it also helps in building the global capacity especially in case of developing countries to meet the all the challenges. For the purpose of ensuring the fulfillment of these objectives, various effective institutions and systems are established (UNFCCC, n.d.; UN, n.d.).Paris Agreement- In December 2015, this agreement was adopted by 195 countries at the at the Paris climate conference (COP21). This agreement is the legally binding global climate deal. This agreement is the bridge between the todays policies and climate-neutrality before the end of the century, and following are some key elements of this agreement: Mitigation (Reducing Emissions): governments agreed to set long term goal for increasing the average temperature at global level to well below 2C above pre-industrial levels; they aim to increase the limit to 1.5 degree Celsius because it would reduce the risk related to climate change; they recognize that in case of developing countries reductions related to emissions take some time; and they try to reduce the emission level with the best available technologies. It must be noted that before the Paris conference, national climate action plans (INDCs) are submitted by the countries. Transparency: all governments of member states are agreed to come together in every five years for the purpose of setting more ambitious targets as required by science; they report to each other as well as public on how they are achieving those targets; and they track their process in achieving long term goal through their robust transparency and accountability system. Adaptation: governments of member states agreed to strengthen the ability of society for the purpose of dealing with the changes occurred in climate; and this agreement also provide international support to developing countries for the purpose of adaptation. Loss and damage: this agreement state the importance of minimizing and addressing loss and damage related to the adverse effects of climate change; and it acknowledges the need for cooperating and increasing the understanding, action and support in the different areas of system (European Commission, n.d.; UNFCCC, n.d.). As per the company towards the environment, company frames various policies to make its supply chain more sustainable and it also aims to reduce the carbon emission. Targets are set by the company in year 2007, and company try to achieve these goals by 2015. Strategy set by Woolworths group covers Carbon emissions and climate change, Water, packaging, and Waste and recycling (Woolworths, n.d.). References: Australian Government. Chapter 6 Australias action on climate change. Available at: https://climatechangeauthority.gov.au/node/125. Accessed on 26th April 2017. Carbon expert. International Climate Change Legislation. Available at: https://carbonexpert.ro/en/co2-emissions/climate-change-international-treaties/. Accessed on 26th April 2017. European Commission. Climate Change. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/international/negotiations/paris_en. Accessed on 26th April 2017. https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AURELawJl/2008/5.pdf. Neilson, L. Emissions control policies. Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook43p/emissioncontrol. Accessed on 26th April 2017. UN and Climate Change. Available at: https://www.un.org/climatechange/towards-a-climate-agreement/. Accessed on 26th April 2017. UNFCCC. Paris Agreement - Status of Ratification. Available at: https://unfccc.int/2860.php. Accessed on 26th April 2017. UNFCCC. The Cancun Agreements. Available at: https://unfccc.int/cancun/cancun-agreements/main-objectives-of-the-agreements/index.html#c33. Accessed on 26th April 2017. Voluntary or mandatory. Available at: Accessed on 26th April 2017. Wit, E. Coonam, E. (2008). Corporate reporting of greenhouse gas emissions: is it Woolworths Group. About us. Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/. Accessed on 26th April 2017. Woolworths Group. Environment and sustainability. Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/community-and-responsibility/group-responsibility/environment/. Accessed on 26th April 2017. Woolworths Group. Our History. Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/The_Woolworths_Story/How_We_Were_Founded/. Accessed on 26th April 2017. Woolworths Group. Portfolio Businesses. Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-brands/portfolio-businesses/. Accessed on 26th April 2017. Woolworths Group. Strategy and objectives. Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-approach/strategy-and-objectives/. Accessed on 26th April 2017. Woolworths Group. Woolworths Supermarkets. Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-brands/supermarkets/Woolworths. Accessed on 26th April 2017.

Need For Federal Government Involvement In Education Essays

Need For Federal Government Involvement In Education The Need for Federal Government Involvement in Education Reform by____________ Political Science 2301 Federal and State Government OVERVIEW For centuries, generations of families have congregated in the same community or in the same general region of the country. Children grew up expecting to earn a living much like their fathers and mothers or other adults in their community. Any advanced skills they required beyond the three R's (Readin', Ritin' and Rithmatik) were determined by the local community and incorporated into the curriculum of the local schools. These advanced skills were taught to the up- and-coming generation so they could become a vital part of their community. The last several decades has greatly expanded the bounds of the community to almost anywhere in the country or anywhere in the world for that matter. Advances in transportation and communication has made the world a much smaller place then the world we knew as children. The skills our children need to realize parents' perpetual dream of their children having a better life are no longer limited to those seen in the local area. It is becoming more and more apparent that the education system of yesterday cannot adequately prepare students for life and work in the 21st Century. These concerns have prompted people across the country to take a hard look at our education system and to organize their efforts to chance the education system as we know it. WHAT'S HAPPENING OUT THERE? There are two major movements in recent years whose focus is to enhance the education of future generations. The Standards movement focuses on educational content and raising the standards of traditional teaching and measurement means and methods. The Outcome Based Education (OBE) movement is exploring new ways of designing education and changing the way we measure the effectiveness of education by focusing on results or outcomes. STANDARDS MOVEMENT In September 1989, President Bush and the nation's governors called an Education Summit in Charlottesville, Virginia. At this summit, President Bush and the nation s governors, including then-governor Bill Clinton, agreed on six broad goals for education to be reached by the year 2000. Two of those goals (3 and 4) related specifically to academic achievement: * Goal 3: By the year 2000, American students will leave grades 4, 8, and 12 having demonstrated competency in challenging subject matter including English, mathematics, science, history, and geography; and every school in America will ensure that all students learn to use their minds well, so they may be prepared for responsible citizenship, further learning, and productive employment in our modern economy. * Goal 4: By the year 2000, U.S. students will be first in the world in science and mathematics achievement. Soon after the summit, two groups were established to implement the new educational goals: the National Education Goals Panel (NEGP) and the National Council on Education Standards and Testing (NCEST). Together, these two groups were charged with addressing unprecedented questions regarding American education such as: What is the subject matter to be addressed? What types of assessments should be used? What standards of performance should be set? The summit and its aftermath engendered a flurry of activity from national subject matter organizations to establish standards in their respective areas. Many of these groups looked for guidance from the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics who publishing the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics in 1989. The NCTM standards redefined the study of math so that topics and concepts would be introduced at an earlier age, and students would view math as a relevant problem-solving discipline rather than as a set of obscure formulas to be memorized. The National Science Teachers Association and the American Association for the Advancement of Science quickly launched independent attempts to identify standards in science. Efforts soon followed in the fields of civics, dance, theater, music, art, language arts, history, and social studies, to name a few. OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION MOVEMENT The decade of the 80s brought numerous education reforms, but few of them were a dramatic shift from what has gone on before. Outcome-based education (OBE) is one of those that is new, even revolutionary, and is now being promoted as the panacea for America's educational woes. This reform has been driven by educators in response to demands for greater accountability by taxpayers and as a vehicle for breaking with traditional ideas about how we teach our children. If implemented, this approach to curriculum development could change our schools more than any other reform proposal in the last thirty years. The focus of past and present curriculum has been on content, on the knowledge